#34

Most Searched Artwork #34 Worldwide

The Ambassadors

Hans Holbein the Younger · 1533 · National Gallery

Quick Answer

The Ambassadors is an oil painting on oak by German artist Hans Holbein the Younger, created in 1533. It depicts two young men — the French ambassador to England, Jean de Dinteville, and his friend Georges de Selve, Bishop of Lavaur — flanking a two-tiered table covered with objects related to astronomy, music, mathematics, and trade. In the lower foreground, a severely distorted skull (an anamorphic image) is only recognisable as a skull when viewed from a sharp angle at the lower right. The painting is displayed at the National Gallery in London.

The Ambassadors by Hans Holbein the Younger — two men with objects of science and art, and a distorted skull in the foreground

Public domain — Hans Holbein the Younger, 1533. National Gallery, London / Google Art Project / Wikimedia Commons.

At a Glance

Artist
Hans Holbein the Younger (1497/1498–1543)
Created
1533
Medium
Oil on oak
Dimensions
207 × 209.5 cm (81.5 × 82.5 in)
Location
Room 4, National Gallery, Trafalgar Square

Find it at

National Gallery

London, United Kingdom

"Spot the hidden skull — the 16th century's most elaborate visual puzzle and meditation on death"

History & Story

Holbein painted The Ambassadors in London in 1533, when he was working as court painter to Henry VIII. Jean de Dinteville was the French ambassador to England, in London for a difficult diplomatic mission during the early stages of Henry VIII's break with Rome. Georges de Selve, his friend and fellow diplomat, visited London briefly in April–May 1533 — the probable time of the sitting.

The painting is dated by the instruments on the shelves: the celestial globe is set to a specific star configuration corresponding to 11 April 1533. The skull in the foreground is an anamorphic projection — visible as a recognisable skull only when the painting is viewed from below and to the right, close to the floor. This was the intended viewing position as the painting was hung on a wall beside a staircase.

Why It Matters

The Ambassadors is the supreme example of Renaissance vanitas painting — the tradition of depicting the symbols of human achievement alongside reminders of death (memento mori). The two men are at the height of their power and achievement: their books, instruments, and rich clothing signal wealth, learning, and diplomatic status. The skull below — only visible at an angle — is the reminder that all of this counts for nothing in the face of death.

Key Facts & Figures

The anamorphic skull: Visible only as a skull when viewed from close to the floor on the far right — straight-on it appears as an unidentifiable smear
The crucifix: A small crucifix is visible in the upper left corner, almost hidden by the curtain — the only religious element in the painting
Broken lute string: The lute on the lower shelf has a broken string — interpreted as discord, imperfection, or the limitations of human knowledge
Scientific precision: The celestial globe is set to a specific star configuration allowing the date to be calculated: 11 April 1533
The painting was acquired by the National Gallery: In 1890 from the Longford Castle collection of the Earls of Radnor for £55,000 — then a record for any painting in Britain

Common Questions About The Ambassadors

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